Semen Analysis: How to Read Your Results

A semen analysis is one of the core fertility tests. It measures sperm count, movement, structure and overall sperm health. This guide breaks down each parameter using WHO laboratory standards and explains what results commonly mean. --- What a Semen Analysis Measures A standard semen analysis includes: Volume — amount of semen produced Concentration — number of sperm per millilitre Total sperm count — total sperm in the whole sample Motility — how many sperm move Progressive motility — how many swim forward effectively Morphology — shape and structure of sperm Vitality — how many are alive --- Normal Ranges (WHO Reference Values) | Parameter | Normal Range | |-----------|-------------| | Volume | ≥ 1.4 ml | | Concentration | ≥ 16 million/ml | | Total Motility | ≥ 42% | | Progressive Motility | ≥ 30% | | Morphology | ≥ 4% normal forms | | Total Count | ≥ 39 million | If one parameter is low, it does not necessarily mean infertility. The full picture matters. --- Understanding Common Findings Low Count (Oligospermia) Can be caused by illness, lifestyle, hormones or varicocele. Often treatable or manageable with assisted reproduction. Low Motility (Asthenospermia) Affects the sperm's ability to reach the egg. May require ICSI if severe. Low Morphology (Teratospermia) Common and not always a major concern if count and motility are normal. Azoospermia No sperm seen in the sample; c